الصفات الجزء الاول Adjectives part 1
- تدل الصفات ( Adjectives ) على احد مميزات الشخص أو الشيء , وتصف الصفه احدى خواص الاسم بشيء من التفصيل , فاذا جاءت الصفه قبل الاسم الذي تصفهُ مباشرة ً تسمى بالنعت الملاصق ( attributively ) مثل ...
Hot coffee. حار
There was no clear evidence. واضح
It had been a pleasant evening. ممتع
Happy children.سعيد
There was no clear evidence. واضح
It had been a pleasant evening. ممتع
Happy children.سعيد
- ولكن يمكن للصفه ايضاً ان تصف الاسم بصوره غير مباشرة عندما تأتي بعد افعال معينه مثل became , be, وعندئذ تسمى الصفه بالنعت الخبري ( predicatively ) مثل ...
The roads are busy.مشغول
The house was quite.هادى
He became angry.غاضب
I feel cold.بارد
Nobody seemed amused. مُسلي
The house was quite.هادى
He became angry.غاضب
I feel cold.بارد
Nobody seemed amused. مُسلي
- والصفه شكلها ثابت لايتغير في المفرد والجمع ( بمعنى ان الصفات لا تجمع ) مثل ...
We were looking for a good place to camp. جيد
The next good place was forty-five miles further on.
Good places to fish were hard to find.
We found hardly any good places.
The next good place was forty-five miles further on.
Good places to fish were hard to find.
We found hardly any good places.
- بعض الصفات ليس لها قاعدة معينه , وانما يكتفى بحفظها وهذه قائمة باهم الصفات ...
| Big | small | صغير | كبير |
| Clever | stupid | غبي | ذكي |
| good | bad | سيىء | جيد |
| Hot | cold | بارد | حار |
| Long | short | قصير للاشياء | طويل للاشياء |
| New | old | قديم | جديد |
| Rich | poor | فقير | غني |
| Sick | healthy | سليم او معافى | مريض |
| Strong | weak | ضعيف | قوي |
| Tall | short | قصير للاشخاص | طويل للاشخاص |
| Thin | fat | سمين | نحيف |
| Young | old | كبير في السن | شاب |
- ويمكن ان تشتق الصفات من الاسماء مثل ( hero-heroic , wind-windy ) أو من الافعال مثل ( accept-acceptable , attract-attractive ) بأضافة بعض اللواحق الى نهايتها كما في الجدول التالي
| suffix | examples |
| – able, –ible | acceptable, usable ,inedible |
| – al, – ial | normal, final , comical, radial |
| – ar | particular, similar , familiar |
| – ed | confused, aged , excited |
| – ful | masterful, wishful, beautiful , careful |
| – ent | excellent, frequent , ancient |
| – ic | frantic, heroic , basic , scientific |
| – ical | hysterical , political |
| – ish | amateurish , childish |
| – ive, – ative | active , attractive , talkative |
| – less | endless , priceless , careless , senseless |
| – eous, – ious, – ous | erroneous , anxious , famous , serious |
| – y | angry , busy , windy , wealthy |
- وكذلك يتم اشتقاق الصفات من الافعال , بأضافة البادئة ( a ) الى قبل الفعل كما في الامثلة التالية
What are you afraid of? ( خائف )
I am quite alone. ( وحيد )
Is Mrs. Wells still alive? ( على قيد الحياة )
Tom and his brother are much alike? ( متشابه )
I am really ashamed of you. ( خجل )
I was wide awake. ( مستيقظ )
The boy was sound asleep. ( نائم )
I am quite alone. ( وحيد )
Is Mrs. Wells still alive? ( على قيد الحياة )
Tom and his brother are much alike? ( متشابه )
I am really ashamed of you. ( خجل )
I was wide awake. ( مستيقظ )
The boy was sound asleep. ( نائم )
- بعض الصفات التي يتم اشتقاقها من اسماء البلدان , يجب ان تبدأ بحرف كبير , حيث تشتق بعض الصفات بأضافة ( sh , ch ) الى نهايتها كما في الامثلة التالية ...
| البلد | الصفه | مواطن مفرد | مواطنين | الشعب |
| England | English | an Englishman | Englishmen | The English |
| Britain | British | a Briton | Britons | The British |
| Ireland | Irish | an Irishman | Irishmen | The Irish |
| Scotland | Scottish | a Scotsman | Scotsmen | The Scots |
| Wales | Welsh | a Welshman | Welshmen | The Welsh |
| France | French | a Frenchman | Frenchmen | The French |
| Holland | Dutch | a Dutchman | Dutchmen | The Dutch |
| Sweden | Swedish | a Swede | Swedes | The Swedes |
| Denmark | Danish | a Dane | Danes | The Danes |
| Finland | Finnish | a Finn | Finns | The Finns |
| Poland | Polish | a Pole | Poles | The Poles |
| Spain | Spanish | a Spaniard | Spaniards | The Spaniards |
| Turkey | Turkish | a Turk | Turks | The Turks |
- بعض الصفات التي يتم اشتقاقها من اسماء البلدان , يجب ان تبدأ بحرف كبير , حيث تشتق بعض الصفات بأضافة ( an ) الى نهايتها كما في الامثلة التالية ...
| البلد | الصفه | مواطن مفرد | مواطنين | الشعب |
| Africa | African | an African | Africans | The Africans |
| America | American | an American | Americans | The Americans |
| Arabia | Arabian, Arabic | an Arab | Arabs | The Arabs |
| Asia | Asian, Asiatic | an Asian | Asians | The Asians |
| Australia | Australian | an Australian | Australians | The Australians |
| Austria | Austrian | an Austrian | Austrians | The Austrians |
| Belgium | Belgian | a Belgian | Belgians | The Belgians |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | a Bulgarian | Bulgarians | The Bulgarians |
| Egypt | Egyptian | an Egyptian | Egyptians | The Egyptians |
| Europe | European | a European | Europeans | The Europeans |
| Germany | German | a German | Germans | The Germans |
| Hungary | Hungarian | a Hungarian | Hungarians | The Hungarians |
| India | Indian | an Indian | Indians | The Indians |
| Italy | Italian | an Italian | Italians | The Italians |
| Norway | Norwegian | a Norwegian | Norwegian | The Norwegian |
| Persia | Persian | a Persian | Persians | The Persians |
| Romania | Romanian | a Romanian | Romanians | The Romanians |
| Russia | Russian | a Russian | Russians | The Russians |
| Yugoslavia | Yugoslavian | a Yugoslav | Yugoslavs | The Yugoslavs |