الصفات الجزء الاول Adjectives part 1
- تدل الصفات ( Adjectives ) على احد مميزات الشخص أو الشيء , وتصف الصفه احدى خواص الاسم بشيء من التفصيل , فاذا جاءت الصفه قبل الاسم الذي تصفهُ مباشرة ً تسمى بالنعت الملاصق ( attributively ) مثل ...
Hot coffee. حار
There was no clear evidence. واضح
It had been a pleasant evening. ممتع
Happy children.سعيد
There was no clear evidence. واضح
It had been a pleasant evening. ممتع
Happy children.سعيد
- ولكن يمكن للصفه ايضاً ان تصف الاسم بصوره غير مباشرة عندما تأتي بعد افعال معينه مثل became , be, وعندئذ تسمى الصفه بالنعت الخبري ( predicatively ) مثل ...
The roads are busy.مشغول
The house was quite.هادى
He became angry.غاضب
I feel cold.بارد
Nobody seemed amused. مُسلي
The house was quite.هادى
He became angry.غاضب
I feel cold.بارد
Nobody seemed amused. مُسلي
- والصفه شكلها ثابت لايتغير في المفرد والجمع ( بمعنى ان الصفات لا تجمع ) مثل ...
We were looking for a good place to camp. جيد
The next good place was forty-five miles further on.
Good places to fish were hard to find.
We found hardly any good places.
The next good place was forty-five miles further on.
Good places to fish were hard to find.
We found hardly any good places.
- بعض الصفات ليس لها قاعدة معينه , وانما يكتفى بحفظها وهذه قائمة باهم الصفات ...
Big | small | صغير | كبير |
Clever | stupid | غبي | ذكي |
good | bad | سيىء | جيد |
Hot | cold | بارد | حار |
Long | short | قصير للاشياء | طويل للاشياء |
New | old | قديم | جديد |
Rich | poor | فقير | غني |
Sick | healthy | سليم او معافى | مريض |
Strong | weak | ضعيف | قوي |
Tall | short | قصير للاشخاص | طويل للاشخاص |
Thin | fat | سمين | نحيف |
Young | old | كبير في السن | شاب |
- ويمكن ان تشتق الصفات من الاسماء مثل ( hero-heroic , wind-windy ) أو من الافعال مثل ( accept-acceptable , attract-attractive ) بأضافة بعض اللواحق الى نهايتها كما في الجدول التالي
suffix | examples |
– able, –ible | acceptable, usable ,inedible |
– al, – ial | normal, final , comical, radial |
– ar | particular, similar , familiar |
– ed | confused, aged , excited |
– ful | masterful, wishful, beautiful , careful |
– ent | excellent, frequent , ancient |
– ic | frantic, heroic , basic , scientific |
– ical | hysterical , political |
– ish | amateurish , childish |
– ive, – ative | active , attractive , talkative |
– less | endless , priceless , careless , senseless |
– eous, – ious, – ous | erroneous , anxious , famous , serious |
– y | angry , busy , windy , wealthy |
- وكذلك يتم اشتقاق الصفات من الافعال , بأضافة البادئة ( a ) الى قبل الفعل كما في الامثلة التالية
What are you afraid of? ( خائف )
I am quite alone. ( وحيد )
Is Mrs. Wells still alive? ( على قيد الحياة )
Tom and his brother are much alike? ( متشابه )
I am really ashamed of you. ( خجل )
I was wide awake. ( مستيقظ )
The boy was sound asleep. ( نائم )
I am quite alone. ( وحيد )
Is Mrs. Wells still alive? ( على قيد الحياة )
Tom and his brother are much alike? ( متشابه )
I am really ashamed of you. ( خجل )
I was wide awake. ( مستيقظ )
The boy was sound asleep. ( نائم )
- بعض الصفات التي يتم اشتقاقها من اسماء البلدان , يجب ان تبدأ بحرف كبير , حيث تشتق بعض الصفات بأضافة ( sh , ch ) الى نهايتها كما في الامثلة التالية ...
البلد | الصفه | مواطن مفرد | مواطنين | الشعب |
England | English | an Englishman | Englishmen | The English |
Britain | British | a Briton | Britons | The British |
Ireland | Irish | an Irishman | Irishmen | The Irish |
Scotland | Scottish | a Scotsman | Scotsmen | The Scots |
Wales | Welsh | a Welshman | Welshmen | The Welsh |
France | French | a Frenchman | Frenchmen | The French |
Holland | Dutch | a Dutchman | Dutchmen | The Dutch |
Sweden | Swedish | a Swede | Swedes | The Swedes |
Denmark | Danish | a Dane | Danes | The Danes |
Finland | Finnish | a Finn | Finns | The Finns |
Poland | Polish | a Pole | Poles | The Poles |
Spain | Spanish | a Spaniard | Spaniards | The Spaniards |
Turkey | Turkish | a Turk | Turks | The Turks |
- بعض الصفات التي يتم اشتقاقها من اسماء البلدان , يجب ان تبدأ بحرف كبير , حيث تشتق بعض الصفات بأضافة ( an ) الى نهايتها كما في الامثلة التالية ...
البلد | الصفه | مواطن مفرد | مواطنين | الشعب |
Africa | African | an African | Africans | The Africans |
America | American | an American | Americans | The Americans |
Arabia | Arabian, Arabic | an Arab | Arabs | The Arabs |
Asia | Asian, Asiatic | an Asian | Asians | The Asians |
Australia | Australian | an Australian | Australians | The Australians |
Austria | Austrian | an Austrian | Austrians | The Austrians |
Belgium | Belgian | a Belgian | Belgians | The Belgians |
Bulgaria | Bulgarian | a Bulgarian | Bulgarians | The Bulgarians |
Egypt | Egyptian | an Egyptian | Egyptians | The Egyptians |
Europe | European | a European | Europeans | The Europeans |
Germany | German | a German | Germans | The Germans |
Hungary | Hungarian | a Hungarian | Hungarians | The Hungarians |
India | Indian | an Indian | Indians | The Indians |
Italy | Italian | an Italian | Italians | The Italians |
Norway | Norwegian | a Norwegian | Norwegian | The Norwegian |
Persia | Persian | a Persian | Persians | The Persians |
Romania | Romanian | a Romanian | Romanians | The Romanians |
Russia | Russian | a Russian | Russians | The Russians |
Yugoslavia | Yugoslavian | a Yugoslav | Yugoslavs | The Yugoslavs |